The current standard is developed for the purpose of implementation of Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife and standardizing biodiversity monitoring in our country. The current standard specifies the techniques and methods for monitoring of the biodiversity of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates in biological communities in fresh waters including still and flowing waters . It presents relevant requirements and explanations for identification of sampling site, sample collection method, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods as well as quality assurance of observation. Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H of the current standard are informative annexes. The current standard is released for the first time.